Mechanical Wind Propulsion, Subsea Energy, and Onboard Capture. On the mechanical side, Cargill successfully tested "Pyxis Ocean," the world's first large commercial wind-powered cargo ship, retrofitted with two enormous WindWings sails developed by BAR Technologies that delivered fuel savings averaging roughly 3 tonnes per day over a six-month trial, and more than 11 tonnes per day in near-optimal sailing conditions. Sweden's Wallenius Marine is developing Oceanbird, a transatlantic vessel powered by six retractable wing sails designed from the keel up for wind propulsion rather than retrofitted onto existing hulls. Minesto's Deep Green subsea kite technology takes a different tack on marine renewable energy, generating electricity from low-flow ocean and tidal currents rather than propelling vessels directly. Seabound is attacking the emissions problem from yet another angle, building compact carbon capture units that attach directly to cargo ships, letting fleets meet International Maritime Organization decarbonization targets without waiting for new fuel infrastructure to be built out at ports worldwide.

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